Journal: Diabetes

Article Title: Prenatal Programming of Metabolic Syndrome in the Common Marmoset Is Associated With Increased Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

doi: 10.2337/db09-0873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on offspring body weight. Graph shows body weight at different ages in offspring of mothers that received vehicle (Control), or dexamethasone during early (Early-DEX) or late (Late-DEX) pregnancy. * P < 0.05 compared with control animals.

Article Snippet: Dexamethasone tablets (0.5, 1.5, or 4 mg; Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) were dissolved in 0.4 ml of tap water and mixed with 1.6 ml NutriCal (Albrecht, Aulendorf, Germany).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Diabetes

Article Title: Prenatal Programming of Metabolic Syndrome in the Common Marmoset Is Associated With Increased Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

doi: 10.2337/db09-0873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on 11β-HSD1 expression in the liver. Hepatic 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR in 4-month-old ( A ) and 24-month-old ( B ) offspring of mothers that received vehicle (Control) or dexamethasone during early (Early-DEX) or late (Late-DEX) pregnancy. 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity was assessed in 24-month-old livers ( C ). Results represent mRNA expression relative to control animals. * P < 0.05 compared with control animals.

Article Snippet: Dexamethasone tablets (0.5, 1.5, or 4 mg; Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) were dissolved in 0.4 ml of tap water and mixed with 1.6 ml NutriCal (Albrecht, Aulendorf, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Activity Assay

Journal: Diabetes

Article Title: Prenatal Programming of Metabolic Syndrome in the Common Marmoset Is Associated With Increased Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

doi: 10.2337/db09-0873

Figure Lengend Snippet: 11β-HSD1 expression in adipose tissue and pancreas. 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression was measured in subcutaneous fat ( A ), peritoneal fat ( B ) and pancreas ( C ) of in 24-month-old offspring of mothers that received vehicle (Control), or dexamethasone during early (Early-DEX) or late (Late-DEX) pregnancy. Results represent mRNA expression relative to control animals. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Dexamethasone tablets (0.5, 1.5, or 4 mg; Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) were dissolved in 0.4 ml of tap water and mixed with 1.6 ml NutriCal (Albrecht, Aulendorf, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Diabetes

Article Title: Prenatal Programming of Metabolic Syndrome in the Common Marmoset Is Associated With Increased Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

doi: 10.2337/db09-0873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on PEPCK expression in the liver. Hepatic PEPCK mRNA ( A ) and activity ( B ) were measured in 24-month-old offspring of mothers that received vehicle (Control) or dexamethasone during early (Early-DEX) or late (Late-DEX) pregnancy. Results represent mRNA expression or enzyme activity relative to control animals. * P < 0.05 compared with control animals.

Article Snippet: Dexamethasone tablets (0.5, 1.5, or 4 mg; Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) were dissolved in 0.4 ml of tap water and mixed with 1.6 ml NutriCal (Albrecht, Aulendorf, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Diabetes

Article Title: Prenatal Programming of Metabolic Syndrome in the Common Marmoset Is Associated With Increased Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

doi: 10.2337/db09-0873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of dexamethasone on glucocorticoid receptor expression. Tissue glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was measured in liver ( A ), subcutaneous fat ( B ), peritoneal fat ( C ), and pancreas ( D ) by real-time PCR in 24-month-old offspring of mothers that received vehicle (Control) or dexamethasone during early (Early-DEX) or late (Late-DEX) pregnancy. Results are expressed as mRNA expression relative to control animals.

Article Snippet: Dexamethasone tablets (0.5, 1.5, or 4 mg; Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) were dissolved in 0.4 ml of tap water and mixed with 1.6 ml NutriCal (Albrecht, Aulendorf, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentration. a: p < 0.05 compared to the CONTROL group; b: p < 0.05 compared to the DEXA group; c: p < 0.05 compared to the DEXA + MET group. Abbreviations: DEXA, dexamethasone; MSB, MegaSporeBiotic; MET, metformin. The bars represent mean values with a standard deviation.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. a: p < 0.05 compared to the CONTROL group; b: p < 0.05 compared to the DEXA group; c: p < 0.05 compared to the DEXA + MET group; d: p < 0.05 compared to the DEXA + MSB group. Abbreviations: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; DEXA, dexamethasone; MSB, MegaSporeBiotic; MET, metformin. The bars represent mean values with a standard deviation.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: TAC and catalase levels. a: p < 0.05 compared to the CONTROL group; Abbreviations: TAC, total antioxidant capacity; DEXA, dexamethasone; MSB, MegaSporeBiotic; MET, metformin. The bars represent mean values with a standard deviation.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum metformin levels. Abbreviations: DEXA, dexamethasone; MSB, MegaSporeBiotic; MET, metformin. The bars represent mean values with a standard deviation.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of liver sections stained by H&E. ( A ): CONTROL group; (( A1 ), 20× and (( A2 ), 40×). ( B ): DEXA-treated rat group; (( B1 ), 20×); and (( B2 ), 40×). Alterations of hepatocytes structure and hepatic lobule architecture; enlarged, ballooned cells, with intracytoplasmic small lipid droplets in the perinuclear area( ); large lipid droplets within the hepatocytes ( ); degenerated eosinophilic hepatocytes with pyknotic and hyperchromatic nuclei ( ); loss of cellular borders; vascular congestion in the central vein ( ); moderately dilated sinusoids with mild inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphonuclears neutrophils) within the sinusoids ( ). ( C ): DEXA + MSB treated rat group; (( C1 ), 20×) and (( C2 ), 40×). Partial reduction in lipid accumulation with small perinuclear lipid droplets within the hepatocytes ( ); moderate improvement in hepatocytes structure; mild central vein ectasia ( ); sinusoidal stasis and dilatation with few inflammatory cells ( ). ( D ) : DEXA + MET-treated rat group; (( D1 ), 20×); and (( D2 ), 40×). Important restoration of the hepatic architecture and hepatocyte structure, with a significant reduction of intra-hepatocyte lipid content ( ); congestion within the portal vessels ( ) and sinusoids ( ); mild central vein congestion and stasis ( ). ( E ): DEXA + MSB + MET-treated rat group; (( E1 ), 20×); and (( E2 ), 40×). Poor improvement in hepatic lobular architecture and hepatocyte structure with still disorganized cords of cells and high intracellular lipid accumulation (intra-hepatocyte small ( ) and large lipid droplets) ( ); central vein congestion with intraluminal lymphocytes; ( ); moderate inflammatory infiltrate within the dilated sinusoids ( ). Abbreviations: H&E, hematoxylin, and eosin.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Effects of Probiotic Bacillus Spores on Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms242015111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental study design. Abbreviations: DEXA, dexamethasone; MSB, MegaSporeBiotic; MET, metformin; CMC, carboxymethylcellulose.

Article Snippet: We used MSB probiotic capsules (Microbiome Labs, Saint Augustine, FL, USA), Metformin (MET) (Siofor, 1000 mg/tablet, Berlin- Chemie Ag, Berlin, Germany), and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEXA) (Dexamethasone Phosphate Krka 4 mg/mL, Krka d.d.

Techniques: